A new scientific review has raised concerns over the long-held perception that artificial sweeteners are a safe substitute for sugar, suggesting they may influence the body’s metabolism and blood sugar regulation system.

The findings, published by researchers at Tufts University, indicate that some commonly used artificial sweeteners could be linked to changes in long-term blood sugar markers. The research is relevant to people who regularly consume diet drinks and sugar-free products as part of efforts to manage weight or diabetes risk.

The study, led by the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, analyzed 21 randomized clinical trials comparing individuals consuming artificial sweeteners with those using water or non-caloric placebos. According to the researchers, participants who consumed artificial sweeteners showed relatively higher fasting insulin levels and HbA1c readings, a key indicator of long-term blood glucose control.

Researchers also observed a possible reduction in insulin sensitivity among users of artificial sweeteners, although they noted that the evidence for this effect was less consistent across studies.

Experts involved in the analysis said the results suggest that the impact of artificial sweeteners on the human body may be more complex than previously understood, and called for further large-scale research to better assess long-term effects.

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