LAHORE: The Centre for Aerospace and Security Studies (CASS) Lahore held a seminar titled “Marka-e-Haq: A Turning Point in South Asian Skies” to mark one year since the Pakistan-India conflict of May 2025, bringing together academics, retired military officials, researchers and policy experts to discuss the military and diplomatic impact of the confrontation.

The seminar focused on developments linked to the 2025 Pakistan-India air conflict, including aerial warfare, regional security dynamics and Pakistan’s diplomatic positioning following the hostilities. Research Assistant Azhar Zeeshan opened the event with introductory remarks.

Speaking at the seminar, Air Commodore Khalid Banuri (Retd) discussed the events of May 6-7, 2025, describing the aerial engagement between the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) and Indian Air Force (IAF) as one of the longest Beyond Visual Range (BVR) battles in modern aerial warfare. He said the outcome reflected years of operational reforms, technological modernisation and training improvements within the PAF.

Former foreign minister Jalil Abbas Jilani highlighted Pakistan’s diplomatic engagement during and after the conflict. He said the country remained diplomatically prepared following the Pahalgam incident and described the national response during the war as coordinated across military and civilian institutions.

Dr Khurram Iqbal addressed India’s military modernisation efforts after the conflict, pointing to fiscal, institutional and technological challenges that, in his view, could limit future expansion plans in the short term.

In his concluding remarks, Air Marshal Asim Suleiman (Retd), President of CASS Lahore, said the conflict demonstrated the growing role of multidomain operations in modern warfare, including the integration of cyber, space and electronic warfare capabilities alongside conventional air operations.

The seminar concluded with an interactive session in which participants discussed the strategic, diplomatic and military implications of the conflict for South Asian security and regional stability.

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