Dr.Saima hashim

Pakistan is waking up to the reality of climate change, with its devastating effects becoming more apparent each year. From scorching heatwaves to erratic rainfall patterns, the country is grappling with challenges that demand urgent solutions. Tree plantation is often celebrated as one of the most effective tools to combat these issues. However, the success of these initiatives depends not just on planting more trees but on planting the right ones.

In recent years, many well-meaning plantation drives have focused on fast-growing, non-native, and water-intensive tree species. Unfortunately, these species often do more harm than good, disrupting local ecosystems, competing with native plants, and draining already scarce water resources. The solution lies in planting native trees—species that are adapted to Pakistan’s unique climate and ecology and that bring long-term benefits to the environment and communities.

Native trees are not just trees; they are lifelines. Over centuries, they have evolved to thrive in local conditions, needing less water and maintenance. They provide habitat for native birds, insects, and animals, enriching biodiversity in ways that exotic species cannot. For Peshawar, where water scarcity and rapid urbanization are major issues, choosing drought-tolerant native species is essential.

Here are some of the most suitable native trees for Peshawar, carefully selected for their environmental and economic benefits:
• Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo): A hardy, fast-growing tree that prevents soil erosion and provides shade. Its wood is also highly valued, offering economic benefits.
• Kikar/Babool (Acacia nilotica): Extremely drought-resistant and soil-enriching, Babool supports pollinators and provides fodder for livestock.
• Beri/Indian Jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana): A small tree that produces nutritious fruit while requiring minimal water. It also supports local biodiversity by attracting birds and bees.
• Amaltas (Cassia fistula): Known for its golden flowers, this drought-tolerant tree beautifies urban spaces and supports pollinators.
• Neem (Azadirachta indica): A natural pest repellent, Neem is a powerhouse for improving air quality and providing shade.
• Peelu/Toothbrush Tree (Salvadora persica): A resilient tree with cultural significance, known for its soil-stabilizing properties.
• Mulberry (Morus spp.): A fast-growing tree that provides fruit and supports silkworm farming, linking it to the silk industry.
• Khujoor/Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera): Highly drought-resistant, date palms offer shade and a rich cultural heritage.
• Siris (Albizia lebbeck): A shade-providing tree with nitrogen-fixing abilities that improve soil fertility.
• Jand/Prosopis (Prosopis cineraria): A true survivor in arid conditions, offering shade and sustenance to livestock.

Planting these native trees can transform Peshawar’s landscape, creating sustainable green spaces that are better equipped to tackle climate challenges. Beyond the environmental benefits, they also promise social and economic gains for communities that rely on them.

It’s not just about planting more trees; it’s about planting smarter. This means choosing species that enhance biodiversity, conserve water, and support local ecosystems. Efforts must shift from quantity to quality, ensuring every tree contributes meaningfully to the fight against climate change.

Together, we can shape a greener, healthier future for Peshawar and beyond. By planting the right tree in the right place, we create lasting solutions for generations to come.

“Let’s plant smarter, not just more.”

The Author is an Environmental Conservationist and Pioneer of Invasive Plant Research in Pakistan.