MULTAN — Mango growers in South Punjab have warned that potential disruptions linked to the Indus Waters Treaty could affect irrigation supplies, placing mango production at risk in one of Pakistan’s most important agricultural regions.
Farmers across Multan, Rahim Yar Khan, Muzaffargarh and Khanewal say reduced downstream water flow from upstream management could impact crop yields, fruit quality and export potential, raising concerns for both the economy and rural livelihoods.
Irrigation concerns intensify
The concerns stem from the Indus Waters Treaty, a World Bank-brokered agreement governing river water distribution between Pakistan and India. Growers fear that upstream infrastructure and flow regulation could limit water availability in South Punjab.
Mango orchards depend on consistent irrigation, and farmers say any prolonged shortfall could lead to reduced yields and long-term damage to trees, which require years to mature.
Economic impact on livelihoods
South Punjab remains the core of Pakistan’s mango industry, producing high-quality varieties that contribute significantly to exports and foreign exchange earnings.
The sector supports thousands of people, including farm workers, transporters, traders and seasonal businesses. Growers say any decline in water availability could disrupt this ecosystem, affecting incomes across the supply chain.
Call for treaty compliance
Orchard owners have urged authorities and relevant international bodies to ensure adherence to the treaty to avoid agricultural disruption. They stress that stable water access is critical to sustaining production and maintaining Pakistan’s reputation in global mango markets.
The Indus Waters Treaty has long been viewed as a key water-sharing framework between the two countries. However, growers say current concerns highlight the need for continued oversight to prevent long-term agricultural and economic consequences.
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