Muhammad Umar Hayat
Customs and traditions of any nation act as a powerful lens through which we can understand a nation’s values, beliefs, and attitudes. They are the outward manifestations of a nation’s shared history, traditions, and social norms. Traditions serve as a powerful reflection of a community’s ingrained behaviour. They are the rituals, customs, and practices passed down through generations, shaping how people act and interact within their social groups.
Saraiki culture is rich in tradition, art, and music, and “Jhummer” is one of its most famous and expressive dance forms. Jhummer is a reflection of the cultural, social and emotional expressions of the people and deeply rooted in the history of the Saraiki-speaking regions of Pakistan. It features the cry of the land stories of joy and endurance and togetherness. This article delves into the history, cultural importance, and influence of Saraiki Jhummer, showcasing it as an essence of Saraiki tradition.
Saraiki Jhummer is thought to have a long historical presence, derived from many centuries ago and traditionally associated with agrarian communities, performed as part of celebrations for bringing in the harvest, weddings and other festive occasions. Jhummer is performed in a rhythmic manner reflecting the harmony and relationship between man and nature. The Jhummer dance shows the unbreakable bond of the Saraiki people with the fertile lands of the Indus Valley. Saraiki jhummer has its own features, different from other folk dances such as it has slow movements, graceful and passionate emotions. The Saraiki Jhummer is held with grace and movement that evokes the finesse and heart that Saraiki literature and folklore channels.
Jhummer isn’t just a dance; it’s a storytelling medium that can express a variety of feelings: happiness, sorrow and more. The dancers move in a circle, their feet stepping to the pulse of the dhol (traditional drum). Their deliberate, synchronized movements suggest unity, harmony, and collective strength. Jhummer which is usually performed in groups further strengthens the collective spirit of the Saraiki people.
The jhummer is complemented by traditional Saraiki clothing. Men generally wear baggy shalwar kameez with turbans, while women wear colourful dresses with detailed embroidery. Bright colours are used to symbolize the vibrant nature of the Saraiki culture, and their elegance matches the graceful choreography of the jhummer.
Jhummer has a very important music part. The sound of the dhol, which is deep and resonating, sets the pace for the Jhomries (dancers). The ektara (single-stringed instrument), harmonium, and chimta (metal tongs) and been can sometimes also be found to add to the music.
The jhomries’ costumes play an essential role in enhancing the visual appeal of Saraiki Jhummer. The traditional attire for women typically includes a long, flowing shirt (kurti) paired with loose-fitting trousers (shalwar) and a colourful dupatta (scarf). The men usually wear a similar combination of kurta and shalwar, often adorned with intricate embroidery and embellishments. The vibrant colors and intricate designs of the costumes add to the overall spectacle of the jhummer.
While the basic elements of Saraiki Jhummer remain consistent, there are various regional variations and styles of the dance. These variations may differ in terms of the specific steps, movements, and musical arrangements. However, the underlying spirit of joy, celebration, and cultural expression remains the same.
In recent years, there have been efforts to preserve and promote Saraiki Jhummer as an important part of the region’s cultural heritage. Various cultural organizations and institutions are working to document, teach, and showcase the jhummer, ensuring that it continues to thrive for generations to come.
While Saraiki Jhummer remains deeply rooted in tradition, it has also found a place in modern times. The jhummer is sometimes incorporated into contemporary music videos, films, and television shows, introducing it to a wider audience. Additionally, some contemporary jhummer tolies (groups) have experimented with fusing Saraiki Jhummer with other dance styles, creating innovative and exciting new forms of expression.
Saraiki Jhummer is more than just a dance; it is a living embodiment of the Saraiki people’s rich cultural heritage. Its vibrant movements, captivating music, and colourful costumes reflect the spirit of joy, celebration, and community that lies at the heart of Saraiki culture. As efforts continue to preserve and promote this captivating dance form, it is sure to remain a cherished symbol of Saraiki identity for generations to come.
M. Phil Zoology, Department of Biological and Environmental sciences, Emerson University, Multan
